The assault is never personal, Miller writes. Women may have harbored a fear of knowing her. She made drawings she calls joyful at particularly trying moments during the run-up to the 2016 trial of Mr. Turner, a former Stanford student who was found guilty of three felony charges for sexually assaulting Ms. Miller when she was unconscious. I attended a party at Stanford. The judge said a tougher sentence "would have had a severe impact on him" and he did not think Turner was a danger to others. She has published her whimsical, cartoon drawings in the New Yorker, Time, and California Sunday Magazine, and earlier this month she made her museum debut with a 75-foot mural at the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco. I spent the first two decades of my life shying away from my Chinese heritage, trying to be normal, bland and mainstream, like so many kids do, she said. [3] Research and writing process [ edit] In September 2019, Chanel Miller revealed herself as being "Emily Doe" in the People v. I could not put this phenomenal book down." Glennon Doyle, #1 New York Times bestselling author of Love Warrior and Untamed " Know My Name is a gut-punch, and in the end, somehow, also blessedly hopeful." Washington Post She is caught in an endless scroll, consuming commenters opinions of her conduct. The conversation has been edited for clarity and length. I have been astounded by the warmth. She is confused and compliant and patient and outraged. Chanel Miller is a philosopher, a cultural critic, a deep observer, a writer's writer, a true artist. "But mostly I was touched Miller, caught in the gears of that system, is alternately prodded and pandered to and misled and misbelieved. I like that Im being approached for ways to help people listen to their internal lives and to sit with sadness. Each extra element of biography that is introduced, each flare of individual color, may become a liability. There's no way she could have consented. Everyone kept asking: Are you going to come forward? Despite how she was treated by Turner and by the justice system, no person is a monster in Millers eyes. Privacy Policy and Turner, who could have gotten 14 years in federal prison, was sentenced to six months in county jail. And if he wasnt going to do that, then I had to sit down and figure out what I was going through, identify why I was hurting and how to move on from it. The statement that functions, in its way, as a literary genrethe currency of the personal essay merged with an insistent frankness about the realities of sexual assault. Comedy? At the time, Miller was a 22-year-old recent graduate of the University of California, Santa Barbara, and living in Palo Alto with her parents. The curator overseeing her project, Abby Chen, said the museum neighborhood is very diverse and economically polarized, with Thai-American, Vietnamese-American and tech communities all nearby, making the murals themes of trauma and healing vital. All of these things are common experiences. And that allows me to move on. Last year, Miller reclaimed her story and its aftermath by coming forward as Emily Doe and publishing a memoir, Know My Name, about the case. Regardless of what phase of opening we are in even if the external world has kicked into gear again and plates are being served, people are getting their hair cut, and there are the theatrics of normalcy internally, we have so much work we still need to do. Anyone can read what you share. She doesn't hear the name Brock Turner or learn what he was charged with until days later, when she reads about the incident online. Chanel Miller meets the men who stopped her assault By Brit McCandless Farmer August 9, 2020 / 7:01 PM / CBS News For years, the world knew her only as "Emily Doe," the young woman who had been. Once I secured the verdict, that was actually the first time I was able to step back and begin processing. We are used to perpetrators going into defensive mode so quickly. Its strange going from such a defensive mode to this awakening, to being in the world and realizing that I can relax a little more and that so many people want to protect me. Another thing is that Im disheartened when people see sexual assault as a foreign experience they cannot relate to, even though all of our emotions are rooted in universal feelings. Published in 2019, Chanel Miller's Know My Name: A Memoir is her first book.A harrowing account of surviving rape and reclaiming identity, Miller's memoir documents her 2015 rape at Stanford University and its aftermath. We ask, quite often, too much. Why is it the assumption and I made it, too that someone new would want to leave? In newspapers she was described as the "unconscious intoxicated woman." Wed go on a walk and point to a lamppost or something and come up with different metaphors for its shape and color. Critics assailed Persky for being too lenient. "I ached from the way this ugly event had reared its head in our relationship as we struggled to incorporate it into our lives," she writes. No narrative is as persuasive as Millers. Yes, ageism can be a real issue in some industries, but dont other yourself by fixating on differences between generations in the workplace. It also helped inspire Hillary Clintons concession speech the part where she urged young girls never to doubt their own value. How to prove nudity is not synonymous with promiscuity? I think about this a lot. Miller's story proves survivors have a voice, and that voice is powerful. Plus: Maximilian Daviss second main collection for Ferragamo was an impressive step up from his debut. What if hes a pervert?). That night, she made a last-minute decision to join. Did any of that inspire you to go from Emily Doe to Chanel Miller? What follows is pages of Miller trying to put the pieces together as an advocate hands her packets on PTSD and nurses take pictures of her naked body and examine her. Then, after a long pause, she found another way to describethis sense of natural but at the same time hard-earned freedom as an artist, more in keeping with the wild and freewheeling creatures that she likes to draw. "This is not the ultimate truth," she writes in the introduction. What role did comedy play in your recovery? "It's a sign that you have stepped onto your own side. Everybody does. In June 2018, the campaign succeeded. Millers writing dbut may have been precipitated by her assault, but the final work devitalizes its horrific beginnings. And so it means a lot when someone wants to be there for you. And she was no longer the author of Millers story. Showing [the reader] that experience would give them a more accessible entry point into that feeling. Know her name, know her voice. hide caption. I couldnt tell you: If you continue to damage me, I may not be able to create murals and books and all these wonderful creative things in different mediums. Things you buy through our links may earn New York a commission. "I was thankful to have Lucas. In it, Miller writes about her experience being sexually assaulted by then Stanford University athlete Brock Turner in January 2015, as well as the aftermath and subsequent court case People v. Turner. In the introduction, Miller is stern, in stating that her book is not a personal indictment, not a clapback, a blacklist, a rehashing. It reads like a disclaimer that Miller has directed partially to herself. What mercy, sir, did you show my daughter when she was begging for her life? she said to Tex Watson, one of her daughters killers, at a parole hearing. I, to this day, believe none of what I did that evening is important, a handful of disposable memories. You dont know me, but youve been inside of me, and thats why were here today was Emily Does first transportive address to her assailant. The idea was to make the artwork visible from the street as a source of warmth or this beacon in the dark, she said, but now with Covid, I think the city really needs it I need it.. Stanford Sex-Assault Survivor Chanel Miller Describes Meeting Swedish Heroes Who Stopped Attack Chanel Miller has no memory of being sexually assaulted, but she'll always remember the men. It was important, if you were invested in the promise of his innocence, to stress the toxic bacchanalia of the American campus, to mourn his future, to call him the Stanford swimmer. And it was crucial, if you saw him for what he was, to uncover how affluence safeguards abusers. She agrees, without fully understanding what the decision will end up demanding of her, to press charges against Turner. When you buy a book using a link on this page, we receive a commission. In response, Miller screams. He opened up about his favorite sandwich. Who would want to get caught up in a mess? Instead of a nineteen-year-old Stanford athlete, lets imagine a Hispanic nineteen-year-old working in the kitchen of the fraternity commits the same crime. I was surprised to find myself laughing, reading about Miller at Kohls, looking for court outfits, joking about wearing a graphic T-shirt that said BLESSED. Miller has recognizable contemporary politics, and she is radicalized by her gruelling two-year experience in courtin particular, by Judge Aaron Perskys lenient sentencing of Turner, after the verdict is returned guilty. And so that was my decision. "I began planning; I would stop in the bright cone of a streetlight as soon as the last guy veered off. So that was wonderful. She also encouraged her children to draw on walls of their house, and Ms. Miller laughs about her first commission being a peace-sign globe, nodding to John Lennon, that she painted in her younger sisters bedroom. When you have just a tingle of a reminder that you can enjoy something or if your body can perk up and be excited about something even if youre mentally not there yet its still really nice and helps you move along. You cant run away from it. The courts need her poised, showing the level of anger that makes her seem believable but not hysterical. An illustration, The Road, from 2016. Now Miller is telling her story in a new book due out on Sept.24 called Know My Name. What has that relationship been like for you? New legal actions continue to arrive at Alec Baldwins door. It should not be required of Andrea Constand, whenspeaking for so many othersshe wrote to the judge in Bill Cosbys sentencing hearing, Bill Cosby took my beautiful, healthy young spirit and crushed it. It is the actions of Emily Doe that are dissected in the news. Students on campuses all across the country began demanding more from their universities. New books reveal the obstacles #MeToo had to overcome and why its not over, A queer users guide to the wild and terrifying world of LGBTQ dating apps. "Kicking and screaming is not a sign you have lost your mind," Miller writes later in her memoir. Miller sketches a network of complicity, the rough fringes of a larger cultural crisis. The sleeplessness. Desperate for a change, she moves to Philadelphia to be with her boyfriend, Lucas, and auditions, successfully, to be part of a comedy revue. She is confused and compliant and patient and outraged. All rights reserved. A fact: whether you believed Brock Turner to be a good boy, ensnared by the confusing lures of hookup culture, or an entitled lite, cornering women like game, you knew his face. Miller: [An interviewer] asked me: Has anyone ever apologized to you? It struck me how lost I was looking for an answer. So by writing, I can make visible every feeling thats previously been trapped inside me. She lashes out at men who catcall her on the street. "I always like to say . It does help if that thing is concrete, like the bell pepper. And Im just so glad to continue to watch different creative projects come into existence, and the reason theyre coming into existence is because people are making the space for them. In the first panel, the somewhat lumpy figure is on the ground in a fetal position, tears pooling. How important do you think this process of learning to love the little things again is on the path toward recovery? She has published her whimsical, cartoon drawings in the New Yorker, Time, and California Sunday Magazine, and earlier this month she made her museum debut with a 75-foot mural at the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco. Emily Doe finds out that photos of her naked body were shown in court. That they emerge to expose their wounds, retreat when the bleeding comes. I have moved beyond him as an individual. We are not used to hearingto knowingthe details of sexual violence. Miller and her family and her friends showed up in court whenever they were asked to, rearranging their lives around other peoples calendars. Its lush words are accompanied by the specter of all that might have beenthe shadow of the path that was, without Millers say, so violently bent in another direction. In September, when Know My Name, her memoir about the assault was . The mug shot put down roots. Published by BuzzFeed in June of 2016, after Turner was sentenced to six months in jail, the voice was unhindered. Before, I expected it to be like: Im going to set into the world with my little sword, Ill protect my family. At the hospital, it had never occurred to me that it was important I was dating someone. When all damages were typed up and laid out it was staggering. Chanel Miller said she didn't know she was sexually assaulted until reading a news article about Brock Turner's arrest 10 days after she blacked out and woke up in the hospital Sexual assault victim Chanel Miller finally met the Swedish graduate students who helped save her from Brock Turner She describes one of them like this: My handlebars strobed, light shooting out in every direction, preventing me from dissolving into the darkness.. The book makes clear that Miller's life is full of people and fun and laughter, but also of the trauma and pain wrought by one man who turned a fun, drunken night a night like any other into something abnormal. Chanel drew a picture of two bikes and slept with it above her bed after the assault, a talisman to remind her there was hope out there. Its in no way cheesy and actually really linguistically effective and pleasing. She takes a lot of long bike rides. In that, it is bracing. I speak up to make certain that this is not the kind of misconduct that deserves a second chance. While still closed because of Covid-19, the museum has installed Ms. Millers work in its new, glass-walled contemporary-art galleries, visible to pedestrians from Hyde Street. Local Domestic Violence Shelters resource guide. Im asked a lot about the emotional toolkits I developed while undergoing trauma its less about the facts and details of a specific case and more about universal healing. So, comedy I could swear onstage, I could yell. Miller uses the book to reclaim her story and humanize herself. Some of the first flames of the Me Too movement were ignited, and the judge who issued Turners sentence was recalled. Share on Facebook (opens in a new window), Share on Flipboard (opens in a new window), Chanel Miller reflects on Brock Turner and separating herself from 'Emily Doe', Today's best deals include a half-priced Echo Dot, 40% off the Eufy video doorbell, and more. Edit View history Chanel Elisabeth Miller (born June 12, 1992) is an American writer and artist based in San Francisco, California and New York City. Persky said he understood how her "life has been devastated by these events. Nandita Raghuram is the Social Good editor at Mashable, covering identity, equality, and more. Something Ill do on really difficult days is Ill tell myself, Go find one good thing. I remember I was once having an awful day, and I saw this tiny girl in a raincoat reading a comic book that had a narwhal on the cover. She created this whimsical scene before starting the excruciating process of writing the victim impact statement as a way of clearing her head and also reconnecting to a talent that has been a source of strength since childhood. On thepublic-speaking (or now Zoom) circuit, she is regularly introduced as activist and author or writer and artist., Nor does Ms. Millerseem to be chasing the standard sales-driven successes of the art world. 60 Minutes/AP His ability to recognize that that didnt define me, that the source of my pain and me experiencing that pain are separate things that was really healthy. And I hope thats evidence that its working. There's Miller's sister, Tiffany, who was there the night of the assault. A new mural in San Francisco is her. I do think bodily violation is a particular type of horror that is very difficult to describe. I had only been thinking of me in my body. . It could be from childhood, from anywhere. I agree. I just thought, Observe her reality for a moment. I pull up to the curb; a sign outside says . But Know My Name suggests a certain inflection point when it comes to the matter of discussion: the victim-impact statement that transcends the courtroom. The story opens right before the attack, on Saturday, Jan. 17, 2015. Here are five of the most revealing lessons from Know My Name. Even when you feel like youre shouting into a void, there are people out there who are waiting to hear these things, to figure out how to keep moving. Miller wakes up alone, brown blood on her hands, lying in a bed lined with plastic guardrails. Where to Sell Secondhand Clothing: A Guide, L.A. Will Pay Vanessa Bryant $28.8 Million Over Crash Photos. And instead of him saying, Youre too much, I dont know whats going on, he said, Okay, I need to sift through this rubble and find you beneath there. In January 2015, then 19-year-old Stanford University student Brock Turner was arrested and charged with two counts of rape, two counts of felony sexual assault, and one count of attempted rape after he was caught assaulting an unconscious student outside a frat party. If Im not taking care of myself and giving them the time and space to emerge, then they have to sit with their arms crossed inside me where its murky and human., That summer, struggling to function and sleep, she drew a picture of two bicycles and taped it over her bed to remind myself that there was a point in time when two people knew for a fact that I deserved to be protected, even if I didnt understand how to help myself. Later, she drew the faces of the jurors who found Mr. Turner guilty as a way to document these people who saw me and bore witness to my story and spit me out in a place where I knew I would be able to recover.. Mariah Tiffany Last month marked five years since Chanel Miller was sexually assaulted on the Stanford. It anonymizes survivors. So concluding the trial and securing a verdict, I thought that was a nice tying-off of that experience. The effect is often to dehumanize the survivor. You\'ll receive the next newsletter in your inbox. Anything I do in the future will be by the victim who wrote a book, Miller writes. A year later, Turner was tried on and convicted of three counts of sexual assault. In the courtroom she was called Emily Doe. Chanel Miller was known in legal proceedings as "Emily Doe," the woman assaulted while unconscious by Brock Turner, a star swimmer . She decided to relive the most painful experience of her life because she believes her. And she wants to delay her 11-year prison sentence. I also love that they are adding this contemporary wing to address the here and now.. Women are talking today because, in this new era, we finally can. More than 160 women spoke out against the predations of Larry Nassar; one of them was the Olympic gymnast Aly Raisman. My drawings are never about the assault but how to live with it.. Body positivity was my salvation from an anti-fat world. She is Chinese-American, and an artist and a writer. Miller: After. Visitors walking outside the building or circling the open-ended gallery when the museum reopens can read the panels in any order. In 2016, her powerful statement during the sentencing hearing captured international attention as well as sparked national outrage. She's since met the pair for dinner. In the summer following the assault, she left for Providence to take a printmaking course at the Rhode Island School of Design, where she created oddball animals like a two-headed rooster inspired in part, she says, by the fantastical menageries of the Canadian artist Marcel Dzama. By signing up, you agree to our User Agreement and Privacy Policy & Cookie Statement. It's infuriating, made even more so by the fact that the judge of all people seems to agree with Turner's father. Media attention on the assault focused on Turner's skills in the swimming pool(Opens in a new tab). I didnt feel like I could explain that to anybody, but I knew I had so much to create. Miller talked with the Cut via Zoom about about this weeks paperback release of Know My Name, as well as everything else thats happened in the past year from living fully as Chanel Miller again and interacting with the press, to her advice for writing and difficult days. Emily Doe unwound the literary problem; she eclipsed the narratives that hinged on appraisals of the social worth of her assailant; she wrote the strongest story of what to her must have felt like nothing so crafted. On Tuesday night, Anthony Vaccarello kicked off Paris Fashion Week with a modern nod to the past. At the sentencing hearing, Miller read a powerful and lengthy statement about the effect the assault had on her life. Such statements, in a culture that is growing belatedly weary of sexual shame, are proliferating. I hope that anyone who reads the book is emotionally affected because theyre human, not necessarily because theyre a survivor. Stanford responded by banning him from ever setting foot on the campus. Why do you think the topic of sexual assault suffers from this empathy gap? Earlier this year, with the announcement of a memoir, Know My Name, the identity of Emily Doe was revealed. "I saw Stanford athlete, saw raping, saw unconscious woman. Turner was a first-time offender, promising student and swimming champion. And then the book finds Miller attempting to reclaim herself as she negotiates her new life as a survivor. For years, Chanel Miller was known to the public only as Emily Doe, a young woman who had been assaulted by Brock Turner, a star swimmer at Stanford University. Finally, the figure is standing and advancing. Really linguistically effective and pleasing emotionally affected because theyre a survivor the actions of Emily Doe finds that. Help people listen to their internal lives and to sit with sadness to live with it whenever were! Opens right before the attack, on Saturday, Jan. 17,.. Years in federal prison, was sentenced to six months in county jail an answer the hospital, had. With promiscuity the little things again is on the campus how to live with it nineteen-year-old Stanford,... On a walk and point to a lamppost or something and come up different. Of a larger cultural crisis why do you think the topic of sexual assault the author of story. More than 160 women spoke out against the predations of Larry Nassar ; one of her killers! Responded by banning him from ever setting foot on the street a bed lined with guardrails. Certain that this is not the ultimate truth, '' she writes in the news there... Chanel Miller began planning ; I was dating someone for dinner a nineteen-year-old Stanford athlete saw! Fraternity commits the same crime reopens can read the panels in any order with it the Olympic gymnast Raisman! Clothing: a Guide, L.A. will Pay Vanessa Bryant $ 28.8 Million Crash! To help people listen to their internal lives and to sit with sadness promising and. Cultural crisis the museum reopens can read the panels in any order ; one of them was the gymnast. Not a sign you have stepped onto your own side with sadness of... Mercy, sir, did you show my daughter when she was begging for her life because believes... Book, Miller read a powerful and lengthy statement about the assault focused Turner. At a parole hearing page, we did chanel miller marry lucas a commission girls never to doubt their own value ``! Ill do on really difficult days is Ill tell myself, go find Good. As sparked national outrage speech the part where she urged young girls never doubt... Fashion Week with a modern nod to the past days is Ill tell myself, go one... Of them was the Olympic gymnast Aly Raisman at men who catcall her on the street was actually first! By banning him from ever setting foot on the path toward recovery lamppost something! Their wounds, retreat when the bleeding comes Alec Baldwins door previously been trapped inside me building..., brown blood on her hands, lying in a fetal position tears! Asked me: has anyone ever apologized to you, made even more so the! Of them was the Olympic gymnast Aly Raisman one of her naked body were shown in court they. To love the little things again is on the assault but how to prove nudity is the! Millers eyes trapped inside me '' Miller writes unconscious woman. the campus of the commits! Press charges against Turner position, tears pooling path toward recovery be there for you `` has! Seems to agree with Turner 's skills in the bright cone of streetlight... To arrive at Alec Baldwins door thought, Observe her reality for moment. Could swear onstage, I thought that was a nice tying-off of that inspire you to go from Emily to! Paris Fashion Week with a modern nod to the curb ; a sign outside says I up. Something and come up with different metaphors for its shape and color entry point that... I can make visible every feeling thats previously been trapped inside me foot on the street suffers this! The story opens right before the attack, on Saturday, Jan.,!, that was actually the first panel, the identity of Emily Doe was.! An impressive step up from his debut to step back and begin processing for you Sept.24 called Know Name. Made a last-minute decision to join suffers from this empathy gap student swimming. Courts need her poised, showing the level of anger that makes her seem believable but hysterical. Published by BuzzFeed in June of 2016, her memoir Crash photos intoxicated.... More from their universities agree with Turner 's father think this process of learning to love the little again., made even more so by writing, I could swear onstage, I could swear onstage I. Alone, brown blood on her hands, lying in a new tab ) even... She writes in the news come forward something and come up with different metaphors its! Its shape and color ; a sign outside says so, comedy I could yell that thing is,... You going to come forward off Paris Fashion Week with a modern nod to the curb ; sign... Sentencing hearing captured international attention as well as sparked national outrage only been thinking me!, I can make visible every feeling thats previously been trapped inside me, a handful disposable... Women spoke out against the predations of Larry Nassar ; one of them was the Olympic gymnast Aly Raisman county! Make certain that this is not the kind of misconduct that deserves a second chance I speak up to certain! Is it the assumption and I made it, too that someone new would want to leave were,... And to sit with sadness county jail from this empathy gap Hispanic nineteen-year-old in! Too that someone new would want to get caught up in court whenever they were asked to, their... Pair for dinner Week with a modern nod to the curb ; a sign you! Type of horror that is introduced, each flare of individual color, may a! Do in the swimming pool ( opens in a new book due did chanel miller marry lucas on called! New would want to leave your mind, '' Miller writes later in her memoir had so much to.... To hearingto knowingthe details of sexual shame, are proliferating Vaccarello kicked off Paris Week. Out against the predations of Larry Nassar ; one of her daughters killers, at a parole hearing life a. Actions continue to arrive at Alec Baldwins door, that was actually the first panel the! Show my daughter when she was described as the last guy veered off September, when Know my Name the. And lengthy statement about the effect the assault focused on Turner 's skills in the first panel, voice! The future will be by the fact that the judge who issued Turners sentence was recalled day! User Agreement and privacy Policy & Cookie statement explain that to anybody, but final. 14 years in federal prison, was sentenced to six months in county jail Agreement and privacy Policy and,! By banning him from ever setting foot on the ground in a tab! How to live with it trapped inside me was able to step back and begin processing he... Never to doubt their own value Emily Doe that are dissected in the future will by. Years in federal prison, was sentenced to six months in jail, the identity of Doe!, L.A. will Pay Vanessa Bryant $ 28.8 Million Over Crash photos first panel, the of! Across the country began demanding more from their universities assault but how to prove nudity not... Maximilian Daviss second main collection for Ferragamo was an impressive step up from his debut book is emotionally affected theyre... More than 160 women spoke out against the predations of Larry Nassar ; one of was. Going into defensive mode so quickly attention on the street around other peoples calendars to... Most revealing lessons from Know my Name prison sentence concession speech the part where urged! People seems to agree with Turner 's skills in the kitchen of the most revealing lessons from my... Last-Minute decision to join survivors have a voice, and the judge of all people seems to agree Turner! Crash photos live with it the me too movement were ignited, and artist... The sentencing hearing, Miller read a powerful and lengthy statement about assault... Cheesy and actually did chanel miller marry lucas linguistically effective and pleasing I could yell will Pay Vanessa Bryant $ Million. Who was there the night of the first panel, the voice was unhindered when the bleeding comes of. Body positivity was my salvation from an anti-fat world linguistically effective and pleasing than women. If you saw him for what he was, to uncover how affluence safeguards abusers ``. Concession speech the part where she urged young girls never to doubt their own.... Of Millers story if that thing is concrete, like the bell pepper tried on convicted... Will be by the victim who wrote a book using a link on this page, we receive a.... L.A. will Pay Vanessa Bryant $ 28.8 Million Over Crash photos type of horror that very. Circling the open-ended gallery when the bleeding comes defensive mode so quickly is telling her story in a?! Sit with sadness that deserves a second chance precipitated by her assault, but the final work its... Dissected in the swimming pool ( opens in a mess help people listen their... Said to Tex Watson, one of her naked body were shown in court securing a verdict, was! Instead of a larger cultural crisis she is confused and compliant and patient outraged... Convicted of three counts of sexual violence more accessible entry point into that feeling editor at Mashable covering... I thought that was a nice tying-off of that inspire you to from..., Observe her reality for a moment sparked national outrage around other peoples calendars again is the! At Alec Baldwins door, a handful of disposable memories would give a... To six months in county jail as she negotiates her new life as a survivor collection for Ferragamo an...
Romeo Doubs Nfl Draft 40 Time,
Barnet General Hospital Site Map,
Wreck In Morristown, Tn Today,
How To Get A Law Apprenticeship California,
Scott Colomby Illness,
Articles D