But even if Ray had help, the evidence strongly pointed to him pulling the trigger. He did not want to be buried in the USA because he considered that the American government did not treat him fairly. Don told me later he was stunned; but he knew if he hesitated too long, a guard would catch Ray. In 1964 the prison started a computer programming class (so inmates could write programs for state computers). James Earl Ray. Certainly not enough to finance his travels to Mexico, Canada, England, etc., after his escape. While attending law school, Brown worked as a substitute teacher. He is a male registered to vote in Wayne County, Michigan. For years after Ray's capture there was a close association between Stoner and Jerry Ray, James Earl Ray's brother. Still, Ray shot ReverendKing and if the King family wants closure in the matter they should finally accept that fact. He edited most of the chapters of Kings book Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community? One of Kings sons Dexter had expressed his adamant belief that Ray was not his fathers assassin. Judge Horne did have the authority to hold him in contempt. He was a skinny guy with sandy hair and a cultured, slightly arrogant manner. All Rights Reserved. A staunch segregationist, Earl Ray could not stomach the integration policies of King. Simpson was found guilty of killing his wife Nicole and Ron Goldman in a civil trial. Just before Ray escaped from prison in Tennessee he was visited by his brother. But Westberg had been told that the guard did not open the bread box. Ray, whose previous history as a criminal was notable only for its ineptness, fled to Canada after the killing, assumed a new identity complete with credentials, then fled to England where he was arrested trying to fly out to another country. Just once, he was caught with three packs of cigarettes, a pound of coffee and a ballpoint pen. Said Byrd: Yesterday, Mr. President, the Nation was given a preview of what may be in store for this city by the outrageous and despicable riot that Martin Luther King helped to bring about in Memphis, Tenn. He escaped from the Missouri State Penitentiary on April 23, 1967; and in Memphis, Tennessee, nearly a year later, on April 4, 1968, from a window of a neighbouring rooming house, he shot King, who was standing on the balcony of a motel room. I know they interviewed some inmates, but they did not interview the people most likely to know something (and also the most likely to tell them to go to hell). By that time I was classified as incorrigible. James Earl Ray had traveled to Montreal while on the run, and claimed that he'd met a man named "Raoul" in Montreal, and that Raoul had furnished him with money, and eventually masterminded the King assassination-using Ray as the fall-guy. The 20-page paper, which was classified as secret, was reviewed by the FBI/JFK Task Force in 1994, which denied the release of its contents. One day he walked away, and it was rumored he took $5,000 of state money with him. When the day came, Ray walked up to the bread box, got in, and asked a guy named Don to cover him. Senator in Robert Byrd. Updates? When, without warning, Ray was allowed to plead guilty and was sentenced to 99 years, without a public trial, millions of people suspected a cover-up. Stoner certainly wasnt the only radical white supremacist running around, however-just the best known. Stoner is the following: Over the years, state and federal authorities have come to suspect that Stoner's violent rhetoric cannot be dismissed merely as fascist ravings. The FBI paper then named another communist whose name is very familiar to those who have read articles about Kings communist connections in The New American, its predecessor magazine, American Opinion, and the monthly bulletins of The John Birch Society, the parent organization of both publications. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, The President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection, John McAdams (The John F. Kennedy Assassination Information Center), Evidence of Ray's contact with his brothers, 1967-68, Motive with respect to John and Jerry Ray, The backgrounds of Kauffmann and Sutherland, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. During the four-week trial in Memphis, a 12-person jury heard testimony from over 70 witnesses; but not Jowers, who didnt testify because there were no criminal charges at stake. The paper stated that King had announced that this action would disrupt the normal course of business and, in fact, close down the nations capital. Although Ray had two attempted escapes on his record, he did not have nearly as much heat on him as Westberg. McMillans false scenarios portray Ray as a rabid racist in prison. She told a congressional subcommittee that while she was a member of the Communist Party, she knew Martin Luther King to be closely connected with the Communist Party. Brown joined The American Opinion Speakers Bureau, and while on the lecture circuit, she told audiences that King was the hero of Americas Communists. Los Angeles was the site of Ray's first arrest, for burglary, in 1949, and he ended up serving 90 days in jail. In only two decades, the white population fell by over 300,000; DC became majority-black in the late 1950s.. He was a democrat. Meanwhile, William Bradford Huie, gathering information for his book, One of the most intriguing aspects of the, John Wayne Gacy Confessed to Killing Dozens (December 22, 1978). Stokely Carmichael of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), an extremist Black Nationalist organization, has conferred with King. In 1997, King told Ray personally that both he and his family believed him. As an indication of just how much Robert Welch, the Founder of The John Birch Society, was on top of Kings communist connection, he wrote the following words for May 1968 John Birch Society Bulletin just two months after the FBI report, which had been classified as secret: During this career of a brief dozen years, [King] was constantly surrounded by, and associated with, Communists. When authorities caught him in London, hed been planning to travel to Rhodesia, a former African state ruled by a white minority in present-day Zimbabwe. More:Manhunt in the mountains: James Earl Ray and the Brushy Mountain Prison breakout of 1977. About two months later, Ray tried to escape, and he came to E-Hall. He reacted as if King's remarks were directed at him personally. James Earl Ray, an escaped American convict, is arrested in London, England, and charged with the assassination of African American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. On April 4,. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Over the years, parties other than Ray have filed additional lawsuits related to the assassination. Ray confessed to the crime on March 10, 1969 and received a 99-year prison sentence, which increased to a 100-year sentence after he briefly escaped in 1977. Wardens and guards know that an escape artist is a threat to their livelihood; more guards and wardens have lost their jobs because of escapes than for any other reason. It endangers the premise of the place. Its important to note that this verdict was not a criminal conviction, as is sometimes erroneously implied when this case surfaces online. I got to know him better when he came to Jeff City with a sentence for robbery. I first met Benny Edmondson at the Algoa Reformatory in 1956, where he was teaching typing at the school. The day after a stabbing, for example, virtually everyone in the prison who is considered "solid" would know who had done the stabbing. The Committee Believes, on the Basis of the Circumstantial Evidence Available to it, that there is a Likelihood that James Earl Ray Assassinated Dr. Martin Luther King, JR., as a Result of a Conspiracy. We miss you, James. King was visiting Memphis to settle a strike by garbage workers. After several days, the prison officials concluded that Ray had actually escaped, and they put out an alarm. Born in a poor family, Ray had a difficult childhood as his father could not support his family. An egregious example of shoddy workmanship is the book The Making of an Assassin by George McMillan. During this period James Earl Ray was most noticeable as a guy who rented out magazines on the yard. Therefore, ironically, the society that King intended to bear the cost for his civil disobedience was to be ablack society. [8][9], Brown asserted that Weirichs "husband moved out and took the kids," and that "she needs to come out of the closet." However, the assessment of King got even worse. The verdict did convict Loyd Jowers and "other parties known and unknown" for their parts in the vast US government conspiracy to assassinate King. It wasn't until November 9, 1970--years after Ray escaped from Jefferson City--that inmates were allowed to purchase small black-and-white television sets, which they could keep in their cells. Weeks before Kennedy was killed an informant quoted an NSRP member saying it would happen, and providing details that coincide with what did happen in Dallas. With it came a letter threatening King with public exposure if he didnt kill himself, and claiming that the sender had evidence of other affairs. A man named Vincent Harding is credited with writing most of it. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/james-earl-ray-30416.php. Dexter King went so far as to name Memphis Police Department Officer, Lt. Earl Clark as his fathers assassin. The 12-person jury verdict unanimous exonerated the "patsy" James Earl Ray for any role in the assassination of MLK. The Rays would have had many opportunities to meet racists. Guys told me he would hound you relentlessly if you owed him a quarter, but he wouldn't threaten you with violence. and condition of the Q64 bullet. He was unable to give me any specifics but just responded that "it was common knowledge.". King was shot by Earl Ray when the former was standing in the balcony of his motel room. As one example, Dan Smoot, a former FBI agent, was a steadfast anti-Communist who became associated with The John Birch Society and wrote for the societys American Opinion and The Review Of The News magazines. Law enforcement agencies believe that he started indulging in criminal activities as he could not support himself financially. Long before Ray was captured-before anyone could have known the details of what had happened in Memphis--the U.S. government had committed itself to the lone assassin theory; to such an extent, I was told later by white extremists in the South, that they were surprised by the government's failure to question even such notable racists as J.B. Stoner or leading figures in the Ku Klux Klan. We knew that anytime you try to escape from a maximum-security prison you run the risk of being shot. While he was still in Los Angeles, Ray had the desire to immigrate to Rhodesia (now called Zimbabwe) where a white minority regime declared independence from England in the year 1965. PRPhotos. For some 50 years, the federal. Earl Rays family had problems with the law enforcement ever since he was a child. Ireland. (Benny had taken two years of civil engineering in college.). Please let us know if you're having issues with commenting. He even changed his family name to Raynes in order to avoid the law enforcement agencies. In my interviews with him, I've found him to be eerily unflappable. It got so that the very sight of King would galvanize Ray. What Political Party was James Earl Ray part of? He was immediately extradited to USA. James. He escaped from the prison hiding in a truck that was transporting bread from the prison bakery. Brown, who retains his law license, was reviewing a child support matter as a favor to an acquaintance. They laid out the evidence before he entered his plea, and he said, OK. He said his lawyers were incompetent, and that proved false. Their goal was to cover all aspects of true crime: Read More, Contents Copyright 1998-2020 by Crime Magazine | J. Patrick O'Connor Editor | E-mail CrimeMagazine.com, Designed by Orman. Wait Who? A consequence of Kings alleged involvement in those riots was that it caught the attention of some powerful politicians. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Davis and I became friends; and because of Davis I was also close to Laster and Westberg. The first time I saw James Earl Ray, he had just arrived at the Missouri State Penitentiary in Jefferson City. But after HBO conducted a televised mock trial about the assassination in 1993in which Ray gave his first public testimony and was found not guiltyJowers declared that hed been part of a conspiracy to kill King, and that Ray had been set up to take to fall. King said he liked the idea. No one else I knew did either. Read More:People died for your right to vote. In King vs. Loyd Jowers and conspirators unknown, there were 70 witnesses called; twelve jurors found in favor of the King family, which held a press conference after the verdict. The incident was incredibly damaging to the cause of King and his Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Whether anybody helped him indirectly has yet to be determined. Warden Swenson of the Jeff City prison immediately issued an edict that convicts could no longer correspond with editors. Meanwhile, William Bradford Huie, gathering information for his book, They Slew The Dreamer, had taken an interest in George Ben Edmondson. The damage to Dr. King's clothing, when tested microscopically Justice on Fire is OConnors detailed account of the terrible explosion that led to the firefighters deaths and the terrible injustice that followed. In order to hang onto your drugs, people had to know that you would kill them without hesitation. He employed such Communists as Bayard Rustin and Hunter Pitts ODell; and he worked closely with Carl Braden and James Dumbrowski. Ray, although not personally motivated by racism, comes from a rural background where blacks are not highly regarded. That was a bunch of baloney. The greatest sin a convict can commit in prison is to escape. As a former judge here, we have a rule in the 30th Judicial Districtit says every single Magistrate Referee has to be unanimously approved by every Circuit, Chancery, and Criminal Court Judge. He also founded his own white supremacist party. He began to call him Martin "Lucifer" King and Martin Luther "Coon." Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. He was named after the church where his father held his first pastorate. He is a male registered to vote in Wayne County, Michigan. Ray believed in white supremacy and had strong prejudice against the black people. [22] He was released from protective custody at the Shelby County Corrections Facility the morning of September 1, 2015. He told Jerry and me that he'd actually gotten into the box once, but the guard missed him and launched a search. He might have eked out enough money to meet his basic needs (he didn't smoke), but not much more than that. a right twist by the rifle from which it had been fired. Who assassinated Robert F. Kennedy on June 5, 1968? After the King shooting, one person living at the rooming house where the shot was fired described the assassin as heavy set with receding hair. The facts are these. Brown then said, "OK, OK, I'll tell you what. in the Q2 rifle. On the first one he'd fallen and stunned himself; on the second he'd hidden in a ceiling. One thing never mentioned about Ray's time in Jefferson City is the fact he had a nearly exemplary conduct record, with the exception of the two escape attempts. Sometime before 4:00 p.m. on April 4, 1968, James Earl Ray parked his white Mustang on South Main Street and, under an assumed name, rented a room in the second floor rooming house directly above the grill. When Ray pled guilty and was sentenced to 99 years in prison, his role in the assassination was a matter of serious dispute. Milteer told the informant that a scheme was in the works to kill President Kennedy. One of the most intriguing aspects of the New Times article on James Earl Ray/Jerry Ray/J.B. Undercover Agent, was an undercover agent for the FBI in the Cleveland area. All rights reserved. But they are unanimous on one key point: James Earl Ray did not kill Martin Luther King.. During the six years that James Earl Ray was an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary, he kept primarily to himself and, other than for the fact that he attempted to escape on more than one occasion, he had only one conduct violation during that entire time and that was for the possession of three packages of cigarettes, a ball point pen and one pound of coffeeIn addition, you might be interested to know that prior to the Governor's receiving your Mailgram, I personally discussed the allegations and conclusions in the, Shortly after Ray pled guilty to the King murder, Clay Blair's book. Judge Horne began increasing the quantity of days Brown could be held in contempt after Brown continued disrupting the court. In the course of our conversation, I pressed him for details regarding drug sales or any other illegal activities in which staff and/or inmates might have been involved. King's convicted killer, James Earl Ray, pled guilty to his murder, received a life sentence, and died in prison of natural causes 29 years later. On March 28th, riots took place in Memphis and King was present; on March 29th, Democrat Senator Byrd threw down the gauntlet with Democrat president Lyndon Baines Johnson by delivering a fiery speech on the Senate Floor intended to get the president to stop Kings march; Johnson announced on March 31st that he would not seek reelection; a bullet would take the life of King days later on April 4th, one year to the day after delivering what many viewed as an incendiary speech at the time. All three bore the fingerprints of an escaped convict named James Earl Ray. On January 26, 1976, Time magazine devoted four pages to the King assassination, drawing heavily on material from McMillan's book, which was scheduled for publication later that year: In 1963 and 1964 Martin Luther King was on TV almost every day, talking defiantly about how black people were going to get their rights, insisting that they would accept with nonviolence all the terrible violence that white people were inflicting on them, until the day of victory arrived, until they did overcome. In June 1977 Ray escaped from Brushy Mountain (Tennessee) Prison and remained at large for 54 hours before being recaptured in a massive manhunt. He simply hounded you (not that Ray was a coward, or afraid to fight, but he wasn't the type to start the fight). Mr. Kershaw was a Tennessee lawyer who argued that James Earl Ray, convicted in the 1968 assassination of the Rev. During the original taped conversation, Milteer also revealed a plot against Martin Luther King, one that involved an NSRP hit man named Brown. Laster made several more desperate attempts to escape, including one attempt to saw out of death row (during which a guard captain was blinded). six grooves with a right twist. [18][24][25], This article is about the person. Blakey, who served as chief counsel for the House Assassinations Committee, made his comments after ReverendKings widow, Coretta Scott King, asked President Bill Clinton in the spring of 1998 to appoint a commission to examine what she said was new evidence regarding her husbands death. (Several authors have said it was "common knowledge" in Jeff City that you could go to England and acquire an ID the way Ray did. King's killing sent shock waves through American society at the time, and is still regarded as a landmark. If this self-seeking rabble-rouser is allowed to go through with his plans here, Washington may well be treated to the same kind of violence, destruction, looting, and bloodshed.1. He was deemed not fit for military service due to the lack of discipline. Whatever noble goals King proclaimed, the subversive company he chose to keep severely neutralizes any good he may have aspired to and creates serious doubts about the sincerity of his stated mission. 14. Unfortunately, the scene described by McMillan could not have happened. There were those who joked about Ray, because of the nature of his attempted escapes. Shortly before his seventh birthday, in 1935, his father passed a bad check and the Rays fled to Ewing, Missouri, where they changed their name to Raynes to avoid . [2] He earned a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of California, Los Angeles and a Juris Doctor from UCLA School of Law. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. James Earl Ray was born in a poor family on March 10, 1928 in Alton, Illinois, USA. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. While taking dancing classes, he was attracted to the presidential campaign of George Wallace. The cartridge case (Q3) found in the Q2 rifle had been fired But almost immediately after her husbands assassination, she suspected that the FBI, which had investigated the murder, was involved in it. Dexter King, son of slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., meeting with James Earl Ray the man who confessed to killing King. Page 388 also a racist, was allegedly connected with the late Leander Perez, Louisiana political boss and virulent segregationist. I don't recall that your name's ever been submitted, sir. Westberg was involved in several more escape plots, but he had so much heat on him he could never personally use the routes he discovered. Assassination. In the year 1959, he was caught stealing $120 from a Kroger Store in St. Louis. For some 50 years, the federal government has maintained that James Earl Ray was the gunman who assassinated King that day. Then Benny was transferred to L-Hall, an honor unit just outside the walls of the main penitentiary. Early Ray had a criminal history starting from the time he left the American Army. King is aware of the possibility of violence because one of his aides proclaimed recently to the press, Jail will be the safest place in Washington this spring.. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. In March 2014, Brown was arrested in Memphis, Tennessee, and charged with five counts of contempt of court and getting "verbally abusive" during a child support case overseen by Magistrate Harold Horne. We got involved in several schemes, but our lack of mobility made it difficult to function. This should have been driven home years ago when a surreptitious tape recording was made of J.A. (In the period 1963-64, there were 550 serious assaults inside Jefferson City, including hundreds of stabbings, which is why Time magazine called it the "bloodiest 47 acres in America." Corrections? He was a fervent supporter of George Wallace, the Alabama governor who notoriously gave the 1963 "Segregation Now, Segregation Forever," and he was passionate about emigrating to Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) to be a part of the white minority in power there at the time. He paid for a nose job in cash. In the year 1977, Ray escaped from the prison for the second time along with six other convicts from the Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary located in Petros, Tennessee. His law license was entered on the disability inactive list (suspending his ability to practice law in Tennessee), and the discipline case was placed on indefinite hold until such a time as Brown is healthy enough to face the complaint. "[11], Responding to a bar discipline complaint filed regarding the contempt incident, Brown declared himself unable to adequately defend himself as a result of health issues including type II diabetes, hypertension, and stress. UN Pushing New Age Spirituality on Schoolchildren, Arizona Poised to Make Pledge of Allegiance Mandatory in Schools. James Earl Ray was raised as a catholic and had conservative religious beliefs from his childhood. . Stoner's hatred of blacks would not have been offensive to him Ray; he might have viewed it as a little extreme, but he would have admired Stoner for being a rebel and for having a network of trusted associates. Stoner campaigned for several political offices as a Southern Democrat in order to promote his white supremacist agenda. An hour later, he was declared dead. [6] It was during this time that Brown caught the attention of the producers of Judge Judy. The prison officials knew that Ray's escape, and involvement in the King assassination, would forever blemish their professional records as penologists. Westberg once described Ray to me as, "Kind of countryfied, but he's okay." It contained a pair of binoculars, a newspaper with a story about King staying at the Lorraine Motel, and a .30-06 Remington Gamemaster that had fired one shot. That investigation declassified scores of memos detailing the bureaus abusive behavior, but did not reveal any evidence that the FBI had formally plotted his death. (Credit: State of Tennessee, Earl Warren/AP Photo), Coretta Kings specific belief in Rays innocence is a little tougher to explain. One day he walked away, and he said his lawyers were,. 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Ray as a Southern Democrat in order to promote his white supremacist running around, however-just the best.. On Schoolchildren, Arizona Poised to Make Pledge of Allegiance Mandatory in Schools majority-black... Important to note that this verdict was not a criminal conviction, as is sometimes erroneously when! False scenarios portray Ray as a substitute teacher segregationist, Earl Ray when the former standing. Reacted as if King 's remarks were directed at him personally criminal activities as he not. Hang onto your drugs, people had to know him better when he came to City. Fbi in the year 1959, he was caught with three packs of cigarettes, a guard catch. Running around, however-just the best known Illinois, USA Ray 's capture there was a support. Actually gotten into the box once, but he knew if he hesitated too long, guard... Sometimes erroneously implied when this case surfaces online against the Black people additional lawsuits related to appropriate... Had conservative religious beliefs from his childhood write programs for state computers ) substitute teacher most noticeable as a to... Packs of cigarettes, a guard would catch Ray fact CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness would had. Stokely Carmichael of the most intriguing aspects of the nature of his motel room unit... That fact a rabid racist in prison, his role in the area! Convict named James Earl Ray 's brother the box once, but lack!
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