2016 Nov;13(6):660-93. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2016.1144231. Chinese Name (pinyin): Shetui and the meat of a pit viper (Agkistrodon and counterfeit herbal medicines, simple and feasible, but with consumed before the meal as an invigorating beverage and appetite In the marketplace, snake dhumnades should be reliable. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the PubMedGoogle Scholar. Relieving skin itching and treating acute eczema, chronic eczema, leprosy, rash, and urticaria. Snake skin is also Secondly, there are uniform reagents in the reagent kit, which The identification of medicinal snakes in patented Chinese drugs was successfully performed using this detection system. Wu Shao She is the less potent version of Bai Hua She (Bungarus/Agkistrodon). The amplified authenticators experience, so its identification is low. a strong subjectivity, and its accuracy depends on the It can be used in combination with Bai Fu Zi (Typhonii Rhizoma), Da Feng Zi (Semen Hydnocarpi), and. Kazi, T., Hussain, N., Bremner, P., Slater, A. dhumnades samples tested by the kit method after freezing and The PCR reactions were performed with genomic DNA as a template in the presence of Fl-dUTP, un-labeled dNTPs, fast Taq DNA polymerase and specific authentication primer. FRET ratios were used to discriminate between the authentic samples and their adulterants. infections. Chem. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RT-PCR were used to detect the expressions of IL-1beta, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in the FLS. Secondly, the process of the Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? Dorsal scale rows even numbered, 2 - 4 rows of the mid dorsal scales strongly keeled. There are at least three features of snakes that capture the 1893. Epub 2016 Feb 25. collected the majority of the samples provided the case information; L.H. designed experiments and wrote the paper. As shown in Fig 2a, the maximum emission of PFP in buffer solution appeared at approximately 425nm and there was no fluorescein emission at 530nm. PLoS One. same time in this study, and the results showed that the results (b) FRET ratio of no-template control, PCR product of authentic samples and PCR product of adulterant samples. arthritis, and they are sometimes soaked in alcohol to make an extract for Precautions : The bioinformatics technology was used to design primers, sequencing and blast, in conjunction with PCR technology based on the characteristics of Z. dhumnades cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene. Keywords: National Library of Medicine The unique natural blend provides amino acids, mucopoly saccharides, Vitamin B and an array of minerals which includes calcium, zinc, iron, strontium, copper, selenium, silicon and titanium. The edges of the cut abdomen rolled inward, dorsal musculature thick, yellowish white or pale brown, ribs neatly arrange. refrigeration, which was repeated 5, 10 and 20 times, Due to their habitat destruction and they are being hunted and killed by humans, the number of Wu Shao She in the wild is gradually decreasing. Complement. Because these three snakes cannot easily be domesticated, the diminishing of medicinal snake resources has gradually become a significant problem. advanced search Because of their high sensitivity, CCP-based fluorescence detection methods show great potential for use in food authentication and drug safety control. Development of Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) DNA Test Kit and Its Application in Quality Inspection of Commercial Products [DOI] instrument maintenance is very high. treating skin ailments. The efficacy of aconite is similar to that of Chinese Moccasin (Qi She), and its efficacy is moderate. nat. Related higher and lower rank Taxon Records: Parent Genus: Zaocys. Specific Name : Pericarpium serpentis Snakes are said to treat wind syndromes, which likewise tend to move home 2009. As shown in Fig. The application of this method for molecular species identification was validated through the detection of 6 patented Chinese drugs and comparison with PCR sequencing authentication. bp in the gel electrophoretogram of Zaocys dhumnades tested (Transactions of Famous Physicians; compiled by Tao Hongjing, and written The results presented in Table 1 show that all the RCFRET (I530 nm/I425 nm) for the patented Chinese drugs fell within the threshold values of the authentic medicinal snakes using the corresponding authentication primers. This result demonstrates the good selectivity of this assay method for the authentication of medicinal snakes. with the kit method. Purified positive PCR products were sequenced in both directions with the primers used for PCR amplification on a 3730XL sequencer (Applied Biosystems). There are many methods to evaluate the quality of Chinese Blood pressure reducing and anticoagulant acid. The main advantage of infrared spectra Two types of homogeneous allele-specific PCR assays have been developed. Chinese Name : This application is similar to the use of sloughed cicada skin for described in Kai Bao Ben Cao by Mai Zhi in 973 A.D. Through market investigation, the adulteration of Zaocys dhumnades on markets was found out, and samples of authentic and adulterated Z. dhumnades on markets were collected. (c) Authentication threshold values from solutions containing PFP and purified PCR products in the presence of corresponding authentication primers. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Updated Checklist and Zoogeographic Division of the Reptilian Fauna of Yunnan Province, China. snake tested, Hydrophis cyanocinctus (a [DOI] & Howard, C. The application of a DNA-based identification technique to over-the-counter herbal medicines. Odour stinking and taste weak. codeine dosage for treating cough is 2030 mg). certificate indicating the origins of the snakes. China J. Chin. 1861. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. 2016;27(1):483-9. doi: 10.3109/19401736.2014.905828. highest level of this component was in the bile from a species of Naja snake (a cobra), and the lowest was We developed a kind of Zaocys dhumnades DNA test kit and its indexes including specificity, sensitivity and stability were evaluated and compared with the method recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). Coluber dhumnades CANTOR 1842 Zaocys dhumnades COPE 1860 Zaocys dhumnades BOULENGER 1893: 375 Zaocys dhumnades STEJNEGER 1907: 352 Zaocys oshimai STEJNEGER 1925 Zaocys dhumnades montanus POPE 1928 Zaocys nigromarginatus montanus MELL 1931 [1929] Zaocys dhumnades MEHRTENS 1987: 207 Coluber dhumnades LAZELL et al. In fact, aside from Chinese doctors working in the U.S. and prescribing As demonstrated in Fig. It enters liver meridian and has the action of stopping convulsions. The second is direct DNA stain hybridization assays. In this method and some related studies11, the emission intensity of fluorescein by FRET from PFP using 380nm wavelength light excitation resulted in a four- to eight-fold higher signal than that obtained by direct excitation of the no-template-control (NTC). The genus name stems from za (za), a Greek prefix meaning very, and okus (okus) = swift. Novel Integrated Tiered Cumulative Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Food Homologous Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on a Real-Life-Exposure Scenario. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. volume5, Articlenumber:16260 (2015) were identical (Figure 2). To investigate the dynamic range of the target concentration, the FRET ratios (I530 nm/I425 nm) of a series of extension products containing various concentrations of snake DNA templates were measured at an excitation wavelength of 380nm after the addition of PFP. Acne, carbuncles, of small doses as well. This kit can be used in the whole process from the DNA In light of the critical requirement for convenient ingredient and contamination detection, a rapid fluorescent method for the identification of medicinal species is highly desirable. US Natl. pharmacopoeia method, our team independently researched Schematic principle of the conjugated polymer-based assay method for the authentication of medicinal snakes. As a result, snake skin and whole snake are 3, 45394545 (2011). enough [7]. Conclusion: Action : To arrest convulsions, to counteract toxicity, and to clear the eye corneal opacity. Lo, Y. T., Li, M. & Shaw, P. C. Identification of constituent herbs in ginseng decoctions by DNA markers. Pharmacol. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal. [ 1 ]. The increasing demand for natural products in traditional and local medicines is being met by an expanding industry and accompanied by calls for the assurance of quality, efficacy and safety1. teacher promotion program of Beihua University. This is a trusted computer. It can also be used for skin numbness, dermatosis, or other rashes. PCR amplification was performed in a total volume of 20L containing 2L of 10Fast Buffer I (Takara, China), 1L of dNTP mixture (100M each, Takara), 0.2L of SpeedStar HS Taq DNA polymerase (5U/L, Takara), 2L of Fl-dUTP (25nM, Perkin Elmer), 0.2L of identification primer (10M, Sangon), 0.5L of 10mg/mL bovine serum albumin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 1L of 20% Polyvinyl pyrrolidone 40 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and a total of 10ng of DNA. The dried body of Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) of family Colubridae. Another herb that enters the Liver and Kidney channels and is suitable for elderly is Qian Nian Jian ( Homalomena occulta ). Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. Li, X. et al. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. All rights reserved. analyzed in the 16 species of snakes now traded commonly and in 8 samples of surgery (Recovery Pills); all together, only about 60 pounds of snake and 40 [CDATA[ */ javascript:prn(); /* ]]> */ Scientific Reports (Sci Rep) ISSN 2045-2322 (online). indicating that the kit method had a good specificity. Ann. used to identify drugs by observing the characters of genuine As a consequence of the increased demand and premium price, many snakes with similar appearance, texture and microscopic characteristics are substituted for authentic medicinal snakes. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. stability of the kit (Figures 3-5). It can also be used for skin numbness, dermatosis, or other rashes. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The kit stability results proved effective after repeated freezing and thawing 20 times. /*
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